一.現(xiàn)代體育場(chǎng)館電聲系統(tǒng)的主要特征大體可以概括為三個(gè)方面：
1、 The main characteristics of electroacoustic system in modern sports venues can be summarized into three aspects:
更加注重場(chǎng)館觀眾席和場(chǎng)地的聲音效果；
Pay more attention to the sound effect of the auditorium and venue;
為滿足大型體育比賽的開幕式、閉幕式或文藝演出的使用需要，更加注重配備相應(yīng)的"流動(dòng)"擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)；
In order to meet the needs of the opening ceremony, closing ceremony or artistic performance of large-scale sports competitions, more attention should be paid to the allocation of corresponding "mobile" sound reinforcement system;
電聲系統(tǒng)更加注重采用數(shù)字化網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸與控制系統(tǒng)等。
The electroacoustic system pays more attention to the use of digital network transmission and control system.
二.體育場(chǎng)館電聲系統(tǒng)主要包括有
2、 The electroacoustic system of sports venues mainly includes
1.滿足體育比賽的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)
1. On site sound reinforcement system for sports competition
2.滿足開幕式、閉幕式和大型文藝演出的流動(dòng)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)
2. Mobile sound reinforcement system for opening ceremony, closing ceremony and large-scale artistic performance
3.滿足多級(jí)廣播(含緊急廣播)的自動(dòng)優(yōu)先播出系統(tǒng)
3. Automatic priority broadcasting system meeting multi-level broadcasting (including emergency broadcasting)
4.數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)化信號(hào)傳遞和控制系統(tǒng)
4. Digital networked signal transmission and control system
5.功放及信號(hào)傳送故障自動(dòng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)等
5. Power amplifier and signal transmission fault automatic detection system, etc
三.體育場(chǎng)館對(duì)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的基本要求
3、 Basic requirements for sound reinforcement system in stadiums and gymnasiums
1.體育場(chǎng)館經(jīng)常性的使用是體育比賽或群眾集會(huì)，因而對(duì)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的基求要求是，要保證語言擴(kuò)聲的可懂度（或清晰度）。這看似簡(jiǎn)單在實(shí)施中要能真正滿足體育場(chǎng)館觀眾座席（或大多數(shù)觀眾座席）具有良好的聽聞并非易事。
1. Stadiums and gymnasiums are often used for sports competitions or mass gatherings. Therefore, the basic requirement for sound reinforcement system is to ensure the intelligibility (or clarity) of language sound reinforcement. This seems simple. It is not easy to really meet the good hearing of stadium audience seats (or most audience seats) in implementation.
2.體育場(chǎng)館的使用如果有大型運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的開幕式、閉幕式或大型高水平的文藝演出，這時(shí)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)配以高質(zhì)量的"流動(dòng)系統(tǒng)"與原有的"固定"安裝系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合使用，會(huì)效果較佳也是比較經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式。
2. If the use of stadiums and gymnasiums has the opening ceremony, closing ceremony of large-scale sports games or large-scale high-level literary and artistic performances, the sound reinforcement system is combined with high-quality "mobile system" and the original "fixed" installation system, which will have better effect and more economical way.
3.現(xiàn)代體育場(chǎng)館的觀眾群體有別于傳統(tǒng)的"觀眾"，更多的是支持參賽隊(duì)的"球迷"拉拉隊(duì)，體育比賽過程氣氛熱烈。但是對(duì)擴(kuò)聲而言"背景噪聲"級(jí)增大了且是無規(guī)的，在擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)予以充分注意。
3. The audience group of modern stadiums and gymnasiums is different from the traditional "audience", which is more cheerleaders of "fans" supporting the participating teams, and the atmosphere during the sports competition is warm. However, for sound reinforcement, the "background noise" level is increased and random, which should be paid full attention to in the design of sound reinforcement system.
四.體育場(chǎng)館聲學(xué)特性規(guī)范
4、 Specification for acoustic characteristics of sports venues
體育館聲學(xué)特性規(guī)范
Specification for acoustic characteristics of Gymnasiums
比賽大廳基本分為，綜合體育館比賽大廳；游泳館比賽大廳和溜冰館等。
The competition hall is basically divided into comprehensive gymnasium and competition hall; Swimming pool, competition hall and skating hall, etc.
體育場(chǎng)的聲學(xué)特性
Acoustic characteristics of stadium
體育場(chǎng)聲學(xué)特性目前國(guó)內(nèi)尚無成文的規(guī)范可循。近來世界足聯(lián)（FIFA）和德國(guó)足協(xié)（DFB）的有關(guān)資料表明，對(duì)體育場(chǎng)觀眾席擴(kuò)聲穩(wěn)態(tài)聲壓級(jí)的要求為105dB左右。
At present, there is no written specification for the acoustic characteristics of stadiums in China. Recent data from the World Football Association (FIFA) and the German Football Association (DFB) show that the requirement for the steady-state sound pressure level of stadium auditorium sound reinforcement is about 105dB.
2008北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)對(duì)新建或改建體育場(chǎng)館主擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)的聲學(xué)特性指標(biāo)要求；
Requirements for acoustic characteristics of the main sound reinforcement system of new or reconstructed stadiums and Gymnasiums in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games;
聲壓級(jí)：正常使用95dB；聲壓級(jí)(緊急廣播)106dB。
Sound pressure level: 95dB in normal use; Maximum sound pressure level (emergency broadcast) 106db.
傳輸頻率特性：語言使用100Hz～ 5KHz ±5dB；
Transmission frequency characteristics: language use 100Hz ~ 5KHz ± 5dB;
音樂使用100Hz～15KHz ±5dB。
100Hz ~ 15KHz ± 5dB is used for music.
語言清晰度：快速語言傳遞指數(shù)RASTI≥0.5。
Language intelligibility: rapid language transmission index RASTI ≥ 0.5.
需要指出的是雖然體育場(chǎng)是非封閉空間，在擴(kuò)聲設(shè)計(jì)中也不能簡(jiǎn)單地以自由聲場(chǎng)來對(duì)待這是非常重要的。大多體育場(chǎng)觀眾席上方多帶有"挑棚"存在聲反射，一個(gè)典型的可容納幾萬人座席的體育場(chǎng)空?qǐng)龌祉憰r(shí)間會(huì)長(zhǎng)達(dá)5秒左右，滿場(chǎng)帶觀眾時(shí)的混響時(shí)間也會(huì)有3秒左右。因而，在擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)要予以充分的注意。
It should be pointed out that although the stadium is a non enclosed space, it can not be simply treated as a free sound field in the sound reinforcement design, which is very important. Most stadiums are equipped with "booths" above the auditorium, which has sound reflection. The reverberation time of a typical stadium that can accommodate tens of thousands of seats will be about 5 seconds, and the reverberation time of a full audience will be about 3 seconds. Therefore, full attention should be paid to the design of sound reinforcement system.
五.擴(kuò)聲聲場(chǎng)控制是擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的根本
5、 Sound reinforcement field control is the basis of sound reinforcement system design
擴(kuò)聲屬于應(yīng)用聲學(xué)的范疇，無論是室內(nèi)或是室外擴(kuò)聲都不能脫離使用擴(kuò)聲所處的聲學(xué)環(huán)境(或聲場(chǎng))。擴(kuò)聲的終效果是建聲與電聲綜合效果的體現(xiàn)，所以擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的基本問題是聲學(xué)問題，它是在建聲的基礎(chǔ)上完成擴(kuò)聲聲場(chǎng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算工作。
Sound reinforcement belongs to the category of applied acoustics. Both indoor and outdoor sound reinforcement cannot be separated from the acoustic environment (or sound field) where sound reinforcement is used. The final effect of sound reinforcement is the embodiment of the comprehensive effect of building sound and electroacoustic, so the basic problem of sound reinforcement system design is acoustic problem. It completes the analysis, design and calculation of sound reinforcement field on the basis of building sound.
如果從擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)聲學(xué)特性指標(biāo)來測(cè)評(píng)一個(gè)擴(kuò)聲聲場(chǎng)，主要有聲壓級(jí)、傳輸頻率特性、聲場(chǎng)不均勻度和傳聲增益等。如果從聽感來評(píng)價(jià)一個(gè)擴(kuò)聲聲場(chǎng)，主要有語言清晰度和音樂的明晰度以及聲音"諸多屬性"重放的音質(zhì)效果等。
If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the acoustic characteristic index of the sound reinforcement system, it mainly includes the maximum sound pressure level, transmission frequency characteristics, sound field non-uniformity and sound transmission gain. If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the sense of hearing, it mainly includes the clarity of language and music, as well as the sound quality effect of the playback of "many attributes" of sound.
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